Contact Person(s)

0. Prerequisites

0.1 Legal environment

0.1.1 Responsibility for collecting, processing, and disseminating statistics

Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat)

• The compilation and dissemination of the data are governed by the terms and conditions of the Federal Law of November 29, 2007 No. 282-FZ On Official Statistical Accounting and State statistics system in the Russian Federation, (Об официальном статистическом учете и системе государственной статистики в Российской Федерации) and Statute on the Federal State Statistics Service, adopted by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation on July 02, 2008 №420 (Положение о Федеральной службе государственной статистики
• Article 1 of the Statute stipulates that the Federal State Statistics Service (the Rosstat) shall provide official statistical information that constitutes part of government information resources on the country's social, economic, demographic and ecologic status.
• Article 5.2 of the Statute stipulates that the Federal State Statistics Service shall develop the official statistical methodology for compilation of statistical observations, and provide conformity of the specified methodology to the international standards.

The above mentioned documents is available in Russian on the following Rosstat's webpage:

Federal Law On Official Statistical Accounting and State statistics system in the Russian Federation (http://www.gks.ru/news/fz282.htm);

Statute on the Federal State Statistics Service (http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/rosstat/post_rosstat.htm).

0.1.2 Data sharing and coordination among data producing agencies

Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat)

The Statute and the Law provides Rosstat has the right to receive from respondents primary statistical data and administrative data, including those containing information classified as State secrets, commercial secrets, information about taxpayers, personal data of individuals subject to their obligatory depersonalization, and other information, access to which is restricted by federal laws, in order to compile official statistical information (Article 6.1 of the Statute, Article 9 of the Law).

0.1.3 Confidentiality of individual reporters' data

Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat)

Article 5.16 of the Statute stipulates that the Rosstat shall provide in appropriate way the storage and protection of official, banking, tax, and commercial and other confidential information, received by the Rosstat during its activities.

0.4 Other quality management

0.4.1 Quality policy

Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat)

The document was developed taking into account the principles of official statistical accounting established by the Law, the fundamental principles of official statistics approved at the 68th session of the UN General Assembly on January 23, 2014, the Generic Statistical Business Process Model (version 5.0) prepared by the UNECE High Level Group, and international standards for ensuring the quality of official statistical information.

1. Integrity

1.1 Professionalism

1.1.2 Selection of sources, methodology, and modes of dissemination

Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat)

Article 4 of the Law defines rational choice of sources in order to generate official statistical information to ensure its completeness, reliability and timeliness of provision, as well as to reduce the burden on respondents as one of the principles of official statistics.

Article 7 of the Law states that Rosstat develops official statistical methodology, which includes methods of collecting, monitoring, dissemination, aggregation and grouping primary statistical data and administrative data, compiling national accounts, assessing the accuracy of official statistical information and its systematization, and official statistical methodology of the development of statistical information.

Article 4 of the Law states that the official statistical methodology should be scientifically substantiated, consistent with international standards and principles of official statistics, as well as the legislation of the Russian Federation, open and accessible.

Rosstat disseminate official statistical information by publishing in official publications, the media and posting for publican free access on the official website of Rosstat (www.gks.ru).

1.1.3 Commenting on erroneous interpretation and misuse of statistics

Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat)

In case of misinterpretation or misuse of statistical data, Rosstat may send a denial to the media, which allowed the distortion of official statistical information, for further publication.

1.2 Transparency

1.2.2 Internal governmental access to statistics prior to release

Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat)

There is no government access to the data before its release.

1.2.3 Attribution of statistical products

Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat)

The data are published without ministerial commentary.

1.2.4 Advance notice of major changes in methodology, source data, and statistical techniques.

Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat)

The Rosstat announces significant changes in methodology, source data, and compilation techniques in advance.

1.3 Ethical standards

1.3.1 Guidelines for staff behavior

Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat)

In the performance of official duties Rosstat employees adhere to the standards of conduct established by the Code of Ethics and official conduct of Rosstat civil servants, approved by order of Rosstat on October 10, 2016.

Article 15 of the Federal Law of July 27, 2004 No. 79-FZ "On the Civil Service of the Russian Federation" (О государственной гражданской службе Российской Федерации) establishes the duties of civil servants related to the observance of official conduct.

2. Methodology

2.1 Concepts and definitions

2.1.1 Concepts and definitions

• Analytical framework: Annual and quarterly national accounts are generally compiled in accordance with the System of National Accounts 2008 (SNA 2008
• Definition: GDP is comprised of the value of goods and services used in the reference period for final consumption, accumulation and net exports. Economic operations include recorded operations, as well as hidden and informal activity. Illegal economic activities are not included in the GDP.

2.2 Scope

2.2.1.1.Scope of the data

Transactions coverage: All types of expenditures provided for under the SNA-2008 are included.

The Russian system of national accounts includes the following accounts and tables:

• (a) Value added and GDP  by sectors of the economy at current and constant prices;
• (b) Expenditure components of GDP at current and constant prices;
• (c) Generation of income account;
• (d) Allocation of primary income account;
• (e) Secondary distribution of income account;
• (f) Redistribution of income account;
• (g) Use of disposable income account;
• (h) capital  account;
• (i) rest of the world account;
• (j) a revaluation account;
• (k) account for other changes in the amount of fixed capital;
• financial account;
• balance sheet of assets and liabilities in terms of fixed capital and financial assets and liabilities.

Accounts are classified by institutional sectors.

The Rosstat also produces annual GRP by economic sectors as well as income account and estimates of household final consumption expenditure on the territory of the subjects of the Russian Federation for each of 87 subjects of Russian Federation.

The following additional accounts and tablesare compiled on a regular basis:

• (a) Quarterly value added and GDP at current and constant prices by economic sectors;
• (b) Quarterly expenditures of GDP at current and constant prices;
• (c) Qquarterly income account.
• (b) Annual resources and use tables.

The production boundary is in accordance with the 2008 SNA. The following items are in the scope of measurement of output:

• (a) Own-account production of all goods for own final consumption;
• (b) Research and development on own-account;
• (c) Output of goods for own-account fixed capital formation;
• (d) Mineral exploration;
• (e) Production of entertainment, literary, and artistic originals;
• (f) Production of computer software.

The assets boundary is in conformity with the 2008 SNA. The following items are included in scope for determining the assets boundary:

•  (a) Defense and  security related assets and ;
• (b)The results of research and development;
• (c) Valuables;
• (d) Agricultural work-in-progress;
•  (e) Mineral exploration;
• (f) Software;

o    (g) originals of works of art

Historical monuments are not included in the assets boundary.

Geographic coverage: The entire territory of the country is covered.

The following are included as part of the Russian economy for national accounts compilation:

• (a) Territorial enclaves in the rest of the world (such as embassies);
• (b) Free zones/bonded warehouses/factories operated by offshore enterprises under customs control;
• (c) Workers who work part of the year in another country.

Exceptions to coverage

Illegal economic activities are not included in the GDP.

The Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) does not compile the financial account.

Unrecorded activity: Estimates of hidden and informal activity are included

The Rosstat makes estimates to cover the legal activities undertaken in the non-observed economy. These comprise broadly activities that are not reported or are underreported by the producing units to evade taxes and administrative controls. It also covers underreporting due to deficiencies in the formal data collection process.

The estimation process is based on balancing approaches and using data from indirect sources.

Comprehensive estimation of non-observed activities is undertaken for the following economic sectors: operations with real estate, agriculture, wholesale and  retail trade, construction.

Non-observed economy in real estate transactions is an estimate of services for living in own housing that is undertaken by the user cost approach.

Output of agricultural products produced by households is estimated on the basis of data on the production in physical terms and data on producer prices of these products.

Non-observed activity of economic entities in construction on unregistered economic transactions is determined by an indirect assessment of individual housing and cottage construction and housing repairs with using data on the costs of building materials.

The costs of individual entrepreneurs on the construction of buildings are calculated on the basis of data obtained from total survey.

Assessment of non-observed economy in the construction is based on comparing of construction output, computed on the basis of data on resources of construction materials and their use in the construction, and evaluation of construction output, obtained on the basis of annual surveys.

Adjustment of GDP for the non-observed economy is about 13-14 percent.

2.3 Classification/sectorization

2.3.1 Classification/sectorization

Classification systems:

• Transactions, flows, and institutional sectors are classified in accordance with the SNA 2008;
• Final consumption of households: is classified in accordance with the Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose (COICOP).
• Final consumption of general government: is classified in accordance with the Classification of the Functions of Government (COFOG);
• Foreign trade: is classified according to the Foreign Economic Activity Commodity Nomenclature, developed on the basis of the international Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System.
• Industrial activities: data for the period 2002-2016 were classified according to the Russian Classification of Types of Economic Activity (OKVED2007), harmonized with the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Communities (NACE Rev. 1.1) Since 2017 data are classified according to the Russian Classification of Types of Economic Activity (OKVED2), harmonized with the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Communities (NACE Rev. 2).
• Commodities and services: data were classified on the basis of national classification until 2008 and data for 2008-2016 were classified according to the Russian Classification of production by Types of Economic Activity (OKPD2007), harmonized with the Statistical Classification of Products by Activity (CPA 2002) in the European Economic Community. Since 2017 data are classified according to the Russian Classification of production by Types of Economic Activity (OKPD2), harmonized with the Statistical Classification of Products by Activity (CPA 2008) in the European Economic Community.

Relationship with international guidelines:

• Household final consumption: data are classified by The Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose (COICOP).
• Government final consumption: data are classified according to the Classification of the Functions of Government (COFOG).
• Accounting for consumption of Financial intermediation services indirectly measured (FISIM): consumption of FISIM is broken down by users (institutional sectors and economic activities) since calculation of the data for 2007.
• Basis of recording: in accordance with the 2008 SNA.

2.4 Basis for recording

2.4.1 Valuation

Valuation:

• Final consumption of households is valued at market prices;
• Final consumption of general government and nonprofit institutions serving households is based on expenditures;
• Gross fixed capital formation is based on purchase prices;
• Goods and services are based on market prices;
• Imports and exports are valued f.o.b. in line with the balance of payments statistics; however data on insurance and freight costs are not available;
• Intermediate consumption: at purchase prices;
• Output for own-use is valued at equivalent market prices (other than residing in owner-occupied housing);

2.4.2 Recording basis

Time of recording: Most of the transactions are recorded on an accrual basis, but general government operations are recorded on a cash basis.

3. Accuracy and reliability

3.1 Source data

3.1.1 Source data collection programs

Production approach: The source data for the national accounts statistics are derived from a combination of enterprise surveys (annual and quarterly), administrative data sources, and annual household budget surveys (HBS). The compilation process is highly dependent on the enterprise survey data. Administrative data comprise primarily budget execution data and data of accounting statements of state institutions.

• Enterprise Surveys: The annual, quarterly and monthly surveys cover all large and medium-sized enterprises and a sample of small enterprises. They cover all regions, krays and republics in the Russian Federation. The surveys are conducted at the enterprise level and information is collected on subsidiaries, which operate in regions other than the enterprise headquarters are located. These data are required to carry out regional estimates of GRP.

The survey of small businesses is carried out on a sample basis, which covers about 20 percent of total, uses either the method of multivariate stratified random sampling approach with a simplified assessment of indicators by the layer average one per unit.
The enterprise surveys compile comprehensive data on the current operations of enterprises and sufficient ones to compile a production account. They cover about 60 percent of gross value added.

The Business Register: The sample frame for the surveys is the statistical business register. The Rosstat statistical register is a system for the statistical tracking of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs that have gone through state registration in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as organizations that are not legal entities, and subsidiaries, representative offices, and other separate subdivisions of legal entities.
Rosstat maintains the statistical register in accordance with a scientifically based methodology for the organization of statistical observations, using national and international standards in the field of statistics.

Administrative data of register is updated on the information base on legal registration of businesses performed by the Federal Taxation Service and contains about 4.2 million enterprise listings (legal entities) and 4.0 million individual entrepreneurs as of 01.01.2019. Only enterprises that have been officially liquidated are deleted from the register; however, the register includes enterprises that are not active.

• Household Budget Survey: The Rosstat conducts HBS on permanent basis using a two-stage stratified random sampling approach.  The sample is based on a multi-purpose territorial sample based on the information of All-Russian Population Census 2010. The observation unit is the household and survey covers 48  thousand households (quarterly) across all the Russian regions. Institutional households are excluded from the general frame in the sampling process.
  The data are collected through the diary and journal method and through a quarterly survey of the household. The data collected through the diary and journal method include data on purchases of consumer items, production for own consumption, and current transfers. Data derived from the quarterly survey include information on the makeup of a household, employment of household members, various subsidies and benefits, received by them, and spending on entrepreneurial activity,  compulsory payments and the financial situation of the household; there is also additional annual survey on  availability of durable goods and food stocks. The initial refusal rate ranges between 15-20 percent; however, the refusals are replaced from  reserve household list therefore a final response rate of close to 100 percent is usually attained. The replacement method guarantees that there is no bias arising from the replacement of initial refusals.
  A problem area in the survey process is a higher refusal rate on the part of households with higher income levels.
• Administrative data sources: Data on operations of government sector are obtained from the  Federal Treasury. The report on the execution of the  consolidated budget includes data from both the federal government and regional and local authorities, as well as extrabudgetary funds. In addition, the accounting data of state institutions are provided.

The balance of payments statistics are received from the Central Bank of Russia (CBR). The estimates for external trade and travel in the balance of payments statistics are usually adjusted by the CBR. Detailed external trade statistics from the Federal Customs Service are not widely used in the national accounts compilation process, although aggregate indices for average price and actual volume by commodity groups are used to estimate exports and imports of goods in constant prices.

Expenditure approach:

• Final consumption expenditure of households is comprised of data on retail trade turnover, services purchased by the public, household budget surveys, and balance of payment data on “travel.”
• Final consumption expenditure of general government is comprised of consolidated budget data, accounting data of government agencies  and data from statistical surveys of the activities of state extrabudgetary funds.
• Final consumption expenditure of nonprofit institutions serving households is based on sample statistical surveys of nonprofit institutions.
• Gross fixed capital formation is based on statistical surveys of investment in fixed capital, and data on the number of livestock and prices for animals in the main herd.
• Changes in inventories: data from statistical surveys of large and medium-sized enterprises on the availability of stocks by species.
• Exports and imports of goods and services are based on balance of payments data.

3.3 Statistical techniques

3.3.2 Other statistical procedures

Production approach: Data on output, intermediate consumption and value added are published at 2-digit level of the Russian classification of economic activities.

• Owner-occupied dwellings: the output of owner-occupied dwellings is estimated as the amount of expenses for the maintenance and repair of housing, taxes, profits, consumption of fixed capital.
• Work-in-progress: Data derived from the enterprise surveys are used to estimate output of large construction projects spanning more than one reporting period. Estimates of standing timber, livestock reared for foods are based on industry statistics.
• Inventory valuation adjustment: Estimates of inventories are available for the large enterprises included in the survey. The estimates of inventories are adjusted for holding gains as a result of price increases.
• Consumption of fixed capital: The perpetual inventory method (PIM) is used to estimate consumption of fixed capital (CFC). Physical volume indices of GDP are calculated on the basis of the previous year prices. Data on GDP and its components in constant prices for the base period are calculated on the basis of adhesion (multiplication) of actual volume indices with the corresponding period of the previous year. 2011 was a basis year for the period 2011-2016. 2016 is a basis year for data since 2017.
  When recalculating time series in prices of the base year, GDP and its components are extrapolated independently for each indicator using appropriate chain indices for the actual volume. This gives a rise to the disparity between the sum of components and the GDP as a whole, as well as between the value of each component and the sum of its constituents. The discrepancy is caused by changes in the structure of weights, when moving away from the base year.
• Production Account: Methods Used to Derive Estimates at Constant Prices (the Russian Classification of Economic Activity)

Expenditure approach:

• Adjustments to data: the following adjustments are made:
• Adjustment for retail trade turnover and services purchased by the public on  the cost of goods and services that are not used in the final consumption of households, as well as on the cost of goods and services received by households not from trade organizations (residents)
• Corrections for the conversion of state budget data to the accrual method;
• Adjustment of investment in fixed capital  on the cost of military equipment for long-term use, the cost of research results, adjustments on changes in the value of core herd animals;
• Correction in changes in inventories by the value of holding gains.
• Estimation Procedure: All components of GDP by expenditure are derived independently; however, the components are estimated at a highly aggregated level.
• Household final consumption expenditures are estimated for groups of goods and services in the COICOP classification. The household final consumption expenditures are estimated using primary data of retail sales and results of households budgets surveys.
  Expenses of residents abroad are included in household final consumption expenditure and expenditures of nonresidents in the domestic economy are excluded. This is consistent with the balance of payments statistics.
• Government final consumption expenditure iscompiled as two broad groups of compensation of employees and other goods and services and not according to function. Government final consumption expenditure excludes incidental sales.
• Own-account agricultural production is included in the estimates. It is obtained as a balance between the resources of products in households, including own production and the use of this product for intermediate consumption, sales, change in inventories.
• Data on goods and services in kind to households is derived from surveys of enterprises.
• Gross fixed capital formation is calculated on the basis of data from the investment survey, which collects information on new construction activity as well as purchases of machinery and equipment. It is compared with estimates derived using a commodity flow approach using data on production and imports.
• Data on inventories are derived from special surveys of stocks of materials, finished goods, and other inventories. The estimates are adjusted for holding gains.
• Expenditure on GDP: Methods Used to Derive Constant Price Estimates
• Final consumption expenditure of households: deflation using the CPI for groups of goods and services in accordance with COICOP;
• Final consumption expenditure of nonprofit institutions serving households: extrapolation using indices for number of employees.
• Government final consumption expenditure: the double deflation method based on data on the wage index per employed person in the public administration sector by economic activities, as well as on the CPI and the deflator of consumption of fixed capital; extrapolation using quantitative indicators (number of students, number of doctor visits, number of hospital days, etc., characterizing the change in the physical volume of services (education, health, social services);
• Gross fixed capital formation: deflated by the price index for investment products. Change in inventories: deflated by the producer price index for industry and agriculture,
• Export and import of goods: deflation using the price index and  US dollar indexes;
• Export and import of services: trips: deflation using  specially developed deflator ; others: deflated by  US dollar indexes and CPI

Base year and update cycle:

• Base year: The base year for 2011-2016 is 2011; the base year for data since 2017 is 2016.
• Update cycle for quarterly results:
• Quarters of year n – twice a year n;
• Quarters of year (n-1) – once a year n;
• Quarters of year (n-2) – once a year n.
• Quarters of year (n-3) – once a year n.

Reconciliation: In connection with the fact that the production approach is the main approach used to estimate GDP, the breakdown of GDP by expenditure categories includes a statistical discrepancy that is the difference between GDP compiled from the production approach and GDP compiled from the use of income approach. The statistical discrepancy between the final estimates of GDP by type of activity and expenditure components has been low; averaging less than two percent of GDP.
Quarterly data are revised against annual estimates by spreading the differences equally over the quarters.

Seasonal adjustment: The quarterly estimates for the GDP as a whole are presented in both seasonally adjusted and unadjusted form.  Estimates of data excluding seasonal and calendar factors are undertaken using the program DEMETRA 2.2.

Geographic detail: The following indicators are compiled for the 87 regions of the Russian Federation and 8 federal districts on an annual basis:

• Gross regional product;
• Actual final consumption within a subject of the Russian Federation;
• Compensation of employees;
• Gross operating surplus;
• Net taxes on production.

Other:

• Time series: Consistent time series of annual and quarterly estimates of GDP are available from 1995. Time series of annual and quarterly estimates of value added by economic activities (OKVED) are available since 2011. Estimates before 1995 haven’t been revised and they are not compatible with the data for later periods.

Since 2011 data contains changes due to: implementation of an international methodology for the evaluation of housing services produced and consumed by homeowners; estimation of fixed capital consamption  based on its current market value; harmonization of data on exports and imports with balance of payments data, developed according to methodology IMF Handbook on the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position 6 (BPM6); updating of data on the development of the "Input-output" base tables for 2011, including the assessment of services for domestic workers (domestic workers), as well as the implementation of the 2008 SNA statements on estimation of research and development results and weapons systems.

Estimations before 2011 are not revised and not comparable with data for later periods.

• Revisions: The preliminary set of annual estimates are disseminated on the final working day of the month following the end of the period and are finalized 24 months after the end of the period. The first set of preliminary quarterly estimates of GDP produced are disseminated 50 working days after the end of the period and revised 80 working days after the end of the period. Primary quarterly estimates of GDP by expenditure and income approach are released in 90 calendar days after the end of the period. The set of quarterly estimates for a given calendar year are finalized 27 months after the end of that calendar year, along with the annual estimates for that year.

3.4 Data validation

3.4.3 Assessment of discrepancies and other problems in statistical outputs

Whereas the main method of GDP estimation is the production method, the breakdown of GDP by expenditure categories includes a statistical discrepancy item, which is determined as the difference between the GDP by the production method and the GDP by the expenditure method.

4. Serviceability

4.1 Periodicity and timeliness

4.1.1 Periodicity

Quarterly

4.1.2 Timeliness

Within 3 months after the end of the reference quarter.

4.2 Consistency

4.2.1 Internal consistency

Reconciliation: In connection with the fact that the production approach is the main approach used to estimate GDP, the breakdown of GDP by expenditure categories includes a statistical discrepancy that is the difference between GDP compiled from the production approach and GDP compiled from the use of income approach. The statistical discrepancy between the final estimates of GDP by type of activity and expenditure components has been low; averaging less than two percent of GDP. Quarterly data are revised against annual estimates by spreading the differences equally over the quarters.

4.2.2 Temporal consistency

Time series:  Consistent time series of annual and quarterly estimates of GDP are available from 1995. Time series of annual and quarterly estimates of value added by economic activities (OKVED) are available since 2011. Estimates before 1995 haven’t been revised and they are not compatible with the data for later periods.

Since 2011 data contains changes due to: implementation of an international methodology for the evaluation of housing services produced and consumed by homeowners; estimation of fixed capital consamption  based on its current market value; harmonization of data on exports and imports with balance of payments data, developed according to methodology IMF Handbook on the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position 6 (BPM6); updating of data on the development of the "Input-output" base tables for 2011, including the assessment of services for domestic workers (domestic workers), as well as the implementation of the 2008 SNA statements on estimation of research and development results and weapons systems.

Estimations before 2011 are not revised and not comparable with data for later periods.

4.2.3 Intersectoral and cross-domain consistency

Data on national accounts can be cross-checked by the public against data of balance of payments, budget execution reports, and sectorial statistics. The government finance statistics may be different from the national accounts statistics since the latter are derived on an accrual basis, while the former is on a cash basis.

4.3 Revision

4.3.1 Revision schedule

Data are preliminary when first released. A schedule for the dissemination of the preliminary and revised estimates of the national accounts statistics is published by the Rosstat at the beginning of the calendar year as part of the Federal Program of Statistics Works. The data are revised four times.

The preliminary set of annual estimates are disseminated on the final working day of the month following the end of the period and are finalized 24 months after the end of the period.

The first set of preliminary quarterly estimates are disseminated 50 working days after the end of the period and revised 80 working days after the end of the period. The set of quarterly estimates for a given calendar year are finalized 27 months after the end of that calendar year, along with the annual estimates for that year.

4.3.2 Identification of preliminary and/or revised data

Preliminary data are clearly identified as such in press releases and publications disseminated by the Rosstat.

5. Accessibility

5.1 Data

5.1.1 Statistical presentation

Data are disseminated in millions of Russian rubles on discrete quarterly GDP in current and constant  prices (2011 is a base year for the period 2011-2016, 2016 is a base year since 2017)

Quarterly GDP data are compiled by both the production and the expenditure methods, and cover the entire economy of the Russian Federation.

Breakdowns of current price and constant price GDP are disseminated by the following expenditure categories:

1. final consumption, broken down into:
   (i) households;
   (ii) government; and
   (iii) non-profit institutions serving households;
2. gross capital formation and changes in inventories; and
3. exports and imports.

A regional breakdown of GDP is available in the annual publicationНациональные счета России (National Accounts of Russia) (in Russian only).

The quarterly estimates are presented in both seasonally adjusted and unadjusted forms.  Estimates of data excluding seasonal and calendar factors are undertaken using the program DEMETRA 2.2.

http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/accounts/#

5.1.2 Dissemination media and format

Hard copy - Monthly Bulletin

Социально-экономическое положение России (Socio-Economic Situation in Russia) (in Russian only).

To order a copy, please contact the above address.

Hard copy - Other

The annual Национальные счета России (National Accounts of Russia) (in Russian only)

To order a copy, please contact the above address.

Electronic - On-line bulletin or data

• http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/en/main/  (in English)
• http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/publications/plan/(for publications in Russian)

Electronic - Other

Diskette: On request, contact the above address.

5.1.3 Advance release calendar

The precise release dates for the upcoming four months are listed on the following webpage of the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat): http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/vvp/met-regl.doc

5.1.4 Simultaneous release

Data are simultaneously released to all interested parties on the English website of the Rosstat (http://www.gks.ru/eng/) and in Russian in the monthly Rosstat's bulletin Социально-экономическое положение России (Socio-Economic Position in Russia), which is also accessible on the above-mentioned website.

5.2 Metadata

5.2.1 Dissemination of documentation on concepts, scope, classifications, basis of recording, data sources, and statistical techniques

The methodology for compiling specific indicators of the national accounts is published in Russian in the publication Методологические положения по статистике (Methodological Principles in Statistics). A copy may be ordered from the Information and Publishing Center "Statistics of Russia" (see the Dissemination Formats Page).